基于中国经验证据的应对反倾销能力测度指标研究

文章根据研究目标及研究问题的属性,通过深入访谈与问卷调查,从三个维度提出了14个测度应对反倾销能力的初始变量指标,构建了应对反倾销能力测度模型。然后,基于135份有效样本采集的数据运用因子分析方法对初始指标进行了筛选,确立了最终测度指标,并对模型进行了拟合度检验。实证结果表明,所设计的指标具有良好信度和效度,测度模型具有较好拟合优度。最后,采取主成份分析方法应用该指标展开了算例研究。算例结果说明,所提出的指标与测算方法可以较好地测度应对反倾销能力水平,有助于挖掘影响应对反倾销能力的瓶颈因素,提升应对反倾销能力。     

Customers’ migration paths decided by relative advantage: longitudinal and comparative case study of successive generations of logic semiconductor technology

ABSTRACT

Understanding customers and their behaviour has become important for success in a market. When successive generations of technology are available in a market, customers will decide their migration paths based on certain factors. This study focused on the relative advantage of successive generations positioned at different levels. Based on a longitudinal and comparative research design, the migration paths of customers are identified by understanding how their behaviours are affected by this relative advantage. The preferred relative advantage is positioned differently at early and majority markets. According to observations of the actual migration paths of 14 semiconductor customers, early and majority market players exhibit different migration paths (switching, new entrance, leapfrogging, or diffusion paths) depending on the relative advantage of the migrating generation. This study has theoretical implications by understanding the mechanism of customers’ migration based on the relative advantage, as well as practical implications for suppliers and customers to sustain their competitive advantage in a market.     

Legacy sectors: barriers to global innovation in agriculture and energy

The US national innovation system has a dual structure: part suited to rapid innovation, and part stubbornly resistant to change. The complex, established ‘Legacy sectors’ that resist change, particularly disruptive innovation, share common features that obstruct the market launch of innovations, over and above the ‘valley of death’ and other obstacles that have been the traditional focus of innovation policy. Innovations in Legacy sectors must penetrate a well-established and well-defended technological/economic/political/social paradigm that favours existing technology, characterised by (1) ‘perverse’ subsidies and price structures that create a mismatch between the incentives of producers and broader social goals, such as environmental sustainability, public health and safety, and geopolitical security; (2) established infrastructure and institutional architecture that imposes regulatory hurdles or other disadvantages to new entrants (3) market imperfections beyond those faced by other innovations: network economies, lumpiness, economies of scale, split incentives, needs for collective action, and transaction costs (4) politically powerful vested interests, reinforced by public support, that defend the paradigm and resist innovations that threaten their business models (5) public habits and expectations attuned to existing technology and (6) an established knowledge and human resources structure adapted to its needs. Beyond these obstacles, more socially desirable technologies that are driven by environmental or other non-market considerations must overcome the lack of agreed replacement standards against which putative alternatives can be judged. We have developed a new, integrative analytic framework for categorising the obstacles to market launch faced by Legacy sectors, and earlier applied this method to energy, health delivery, the long-distance electric grid, building, and air transport. In energy especially, the requirement for innovation is sufficiently urgent that large-scale domestic and collaborative international research should take place even at the cost of possible competitive disadvantage and even if it is some time before the USA adopts carbon charges and thereby puts pressure on the prevailing paradigm of fossil fuel use. We now extend this method to sustainable agriculture. American paradigms in agriculture and in energy are exported worldwide, delaying the development and spread of needed innovations that are not consistent with them. Foreign manufacturers wishing to enter US markets must suit their products in these sectors to American paradigms, while American exports of technology may be insufficiently cost conscious or respectful of environmental sustainability. Developing countries are technology takers and suffer from asymmetric innovative capability. They need to choose sources of technology best suited to their situation. India and China constitute new competitive threats, but also represent ‘innovative developing countries’ that have large domestic markets in which they are launching innovations aimed at their lower income populations.     

Assessing the losses in euro area potential productivity due to the financial crisis

In this article, we show that the recent financial crisis has significantly affected the potential total factor productivity (TFP) of the four largest euro area economies, as well as that of the rest of the euro area. We used a reduced-form equation of TFP, based on an approach recently developed by Cahn and Saint-Guilhem (2010). Our empirical findings show that the permanent impact on potential TFP varies across countries from –3.9 points to –1.3 points in Q2 2012. When these losses are incorporated, TFP gaps develop closely in line with capacity utilization rates (CUR). Moreover, in the case of France, including CUR in our TFP model improves the quasi-real-time reliability of TFP gap estimates.     

The moderating effects of service solution characteristics on competitive advantage

The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of the moderating effects of service solution characteristics on competitive advantage of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). This study is among the first to systematically operationalize the contingents in the absorptive capacity construct as service solution characteristics, that is, intangibility, heterogeneity, inseparability, and perishability, and tested them in the KIBS sector. Using a sample of 327 new technology-based KIBS firms in Finland, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis is applied to test the hypothesized moderator effects. The results suggest that service solution characteristics moderate the effects of the antecedents on absorptive capacity and the effect of absorptive capacity on competitive advantage. Guidelines are provided to practitioners to deal with projects with different service solution characteristics.     

Does innovativeness of knowledge-intensive business services differ from other industries?

This article seeks to determine whether the innovative capabilities of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) do actually differ from other industries through comparing the innovation capacities and financial performance of KIBS with firms operating in other sectors (non-KIBS). Based upon a 1000-firm sample, the results of our estimated econometric model demonstrate that non-KIBS firms are in possession of significantly greater innovation capacities than KIBS firms. These differences were observed across factors such as organisational process innovation, the launch of already existing products in new markets, branding and new product designs. Nevertheless, as regards the actual importance attributed to product/service innovation, KIBS firms place a greater comparative importance on innovation in comparison with their non-KIBS peers. In addition, the empirical evidences display a significantly different range of effects of innovation capacities on financial performance and concludes that non-KIBS firms turn in better comparative performances than specialist KIBS firms.     

Interorganizational relationships and hospital financial performance: a resource-based perspective

This study follows a resource-based theory perspective and aims to analyze the interorganizational relationships between hospitals and outpatient physicians, and hospital financial performance. In the light of increasing interdependence among healthcare providers which has made the coordination of service provision more complex, such relationships could be considered a resource for hospitals that lead to higher performance. In this study, the results from a survey of medical directors were combined with financial performance indicators of their hospitals. The results show that having effective interorganizational relationships is positively associated with the hospital's profitability. This finding emphasizes the importance of an investment in interorganizational relationships from the hospital's point of view.     

Global trends in length of stay: implications for destination management and climate change

Abstract

Length-of-stay (LOS) is a key parameter in destination management that determines the number of guest nights relative to arrival numbers, with concomitant repercussions for revenue generation and other performance indicators. This article investigates the development of LOS for 32 destinations in developed and emerging economies as well as Small Islands and Developing States (SIDS). The analysis is based on UNWTO data for 478.5 million international tourist arrivals, or about 40% of the global total in 2015, for the years 1995–2015. Results show considerable differences in LOS between destinations, with a global trend of falling LOS, by 14.8% over the study period. However, in individual destination countries, LOS was found to be increasing. Analyses of LOS trends reveal that these can neither be explained by distance–decay relationships nor business to leisure arrival ratios. Results are discussed with regard for destination management and revenue optimisation, transport infrastructure needs, as well as sector greenhouse gas emissions.     

商业银行经营股票业务的法律迷思

在我国,如何实现商业银行与股票市场的对接对有效配置实体经济和虚拟经济的资本具有重要的意义。现行法律规定禁止商业银行直接经营股票业务,但变化的社会现实不断地呼唤着二者的对接联动,法律与现实的矛盾冲击着现行法律的规定。在回顾我国改革开放以来对商业银行业务模式法律规范的变化及原因的基础上,本文重点分析对商业银行业务资格法律限制与现实需要的冲突;依据我国近些年有关银行、证券、基金等金融法律相关内容调整及我国商业银行实际经营、风险管控能力不断提升,许多银行已间接涉入股票业务的现实,预期我国对金融业务模式管制逐渐放松的趋势;并构想形成纯粹意义上的金融控股公司和银行控股公司,在有效控制金融风险的同时进行金融业务模式的创新,以实现向更加安全、有效、公平的金融制度过渡。